In a large non-reactive bowl, combine the sliced zucchini and 0.5 cup of salt. Toss well to coat. Cover and let stand for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature. The zucchini will release a lot of liquid.
Drain the zucchini and rinse thoroughly under cold running water to remove all the salt. Drain well in a colander.
In a large saucepan, combine the sliced onion, vinegar, granulated sugar, brown sugar, celery seed, mustard seed, turmeric, and black peppercorns. Bring to a boil over medium heat, stirring until the sugar dissolves.
Add the drained zucchini to the saucepan. Reduce heat to low and simmer for 10 to 15 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the zucchini is tender-crisp. Do not overcook.
Carefully pack the hot zucchini pickles into sterilized jars, leaving about 0.5 inch headspace. Spoon the brine over the pickles.
Wipe the rims of the jars clean, place the lids on, and screw the bands on finger-tight. Process in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes (adjusting for altitude if necessary).
Remove jars from the water bath and let them cool on a wire rack for 12 to 24 hours. Check for a good seal. Store in a cool, dark place.
Notes
These pickles are best after they have had at least a week to sit in the brine. They will keep in the refrigerator for up to a month if not canned.