In a large mixing bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
In a separate large mixing bowl, using an electric hand mixer, blend together granulated sugar, butter, and lemon zest until combined. Increase speed to high and whip for about 1 minute until slightly pale and fluffy.
Mix in the egg and egg yolk, then blend in 1.5 Tbsp lemon juice and the vanilla extract. The mixture may look a little separated due to acidity; this is okay. If desired, add a little natural yellow food coloring for a more yellow cookie.
Add the flour mixture to the butter mixture and mix on low speed until combined. Scrape down the bowl and fold the dough with a spatula a few times to ensure it's evenly combined. Spread the dough out evenly.
Chill the dough in the refrigerator for 45 to 60 minutes, or until it's not too sticky to work with. Chilling will also help the cookies spread less.
Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) during the last 10 minutes of chilling the cookies.
Line rimmed 18 by 13-inch baking sheets with parchment paper. Scoop dough about 1.5 Tbsp each (approximately 28g) and roll into a ball (they should be about the size of a golf ball). Transfer 12 cookie dough balls to the prepared baking sheet, spaced evenly apart. Keep the remaining dough chilled.
Bake in the preheated oven until slightly under-baked in the center, about 9 minutes. Let cool on the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Repeat baking with the remaining cookie dough.
Once the cookies have cooled, mix together the powdered sugar with 2.5 Tbsp lemon juice. The glaze should have a medium, creamy thickness, drippy but not runny. Either spoon the glaze over the cookies and spread into a circle, or pipe the glaze from a small resealable bag with the corner cut.
Let the glaze set before storing the cookies.
Notes
These cookies are best stored in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 3 days.